One of the most promising and intriguing fields of cutting-age research is nanotechnology. Nanotechnology deals with the modern day technology that can handle, examine, and use materials in an nanoscale. From the initial moment, this particular technology has gained a wide range of appreciation due to their unique physico-chemical property based on size and behaviour. These nanoparticles have proved to be immensely useful in a vast array of sectors like electronics and chip production, biosensors, batteries, and capacitor making, paint and abrasive production, optics, remediation of harmful pollutants and medicine industry, to name a few. Though immensely useful, in depth knowledge on nanoparticles and their long-term effects on the ecosystem and the surrounding living world are also of crucial importance. The universal presence of nanoparticle in our environment; be it in air, water, sediment or soil ultimately is making its way into our biological systems. Nanoparticles present in water sometimes negatively affect the ecosystem. Enhanced mobility and greater absorption capacity of nanoparticles sometimes render them to be an effective carrier of water pollutants particularly in rivers and lakes. Nanoparticles sometimes can also minimize or disrupt many microbes which may be industrially or ecologically significant in bioremediation process of waste water. Ecotoxicity data on nanoparticles is still not sufficient to have a clear idea about their behaviour in nature or inside human or animal systems. This present review is aimed to find the gap of information regarding the release, uptake or introduction of nanoparticles in living and natural systems and also their mobility, possible effects, biomagnification, and risk factors if any.