The field of neurology as a standalone specialty developed slowly during the second half of the nineteenth century. In various parts of the world, particularly in Europe, it was intertwined with psychiatry and many neurologists trained in a combined specialty of neuropsychiatry. The specialty of neurology further evolved with neurosurgery and combined departments were established in Europe and the Americas. This combination produced what is termed neurosciences centres, pooling resources during the twentieth century. Further specialties have since emerged, including neuroradiology, neuropathology, neuro-intensive care, neuro-anaesthesia, neurorehabilitation, speech and language therapy, neuropsychology, and neurogenetics. The evolution soon became even more specific with paediatricians establishing child neurology as a separate discipline, since specialists must be trained paediatricians. The field is mushrooming rapidly with the establishment of subspecialties in central and peripheral nervous system diseases. The following chapter covers details of the various subspecialties, which constitute the field of neurology.