After a general examination of the social and economic conditions in low- and middle-income countries and the causes of irregular migration, an important global phenomenon in recent years, we describe the healthcare and neurological situation in these areas and the neurological status and needs of migrants, refugees, and stateless persons. We report some data also on the underdeveloped care of rare neurological diseases in low- and middle-income countries. The WHO and other stakeholders have made many recommendations to improve the health and neurological conditions of these persons, but, until now, many problems still remain. Finally, we describe the efforts that international and national societies of neurology have made to improve neurological care in the countries of origin and host countries by increasing the number of neurology specialists, which is very low or absent in some areas of the world.