Expanding Gender, Breaking Silences: Norm Contestation, Localization and Backlash in the 2010–2016 Colombian Peace Negotiations
摘要
The 2016 peace agreement between the FARC–EP and the Colombian government proposed an unprecedented 130 provisions, addressing the particular needs of women and LGBTIQ+ people. This chapter charts women’s efforts to reach such a gender-inclusive approach and to challenge masculine traditions of peacemaking. It examines the secret and public negotiations between 2010 and 2016, highlighting (1) how the negotiators ignored their obligations to norm clusters (e.g. UN Security Council Resolution 1325); (2) how women challenged this silence and demanded their way into the peace talks; and (3) how women navigated hyper-masculine logics along the way. The chapter concludes with a discussion about the different ways women’s counter-discourses and counter-practices influenced the negotiations and how they continue to impact the agreement’s implementation in post-accord Colombia.