This study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Slovakia. Specifically, it analyses the relationships between home office adoption, downsizing, ICT usage, financial problems, and state aid utilization during the pandemic. The research distinguishes between family and non-family-owned enterprises, as well as manufacturing and non-manufacturing sectors. Using a quantitative research approach, the study employs a computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) method to collect data from 405 family-owned and 436 non-family-owned SMEs. Statistical analysis techniques, such as G test, Cramer’s V, and adjusted V, are used to assess the strength of associations between variables. Key findings reveal that measures to sustain employment during the pandemic were insufficient, and financial difficulties were closely linked to the use of government assistance. The study also identifies differences in telecommuting adoption between business sectors and highlights the challenges faced by SMEs in retaining labor. The correlation between financial distress and state aid underscores the crucial role of government intervention in mitigating the negative economic impact of the pandemic on businesses.