Digitalization has increased the efficiency of economies and critical infrastructure, but it has also made them more vulnerable to cyber risks, threatening progress toward environmental, social, and economic goals. While scholars recognize the necessity for secure, resilient digital systems, research connecting cybersecurity to sustainability remains fragmented. Following the PRISMA 2020 methodology, we reviewed the social-science literature at this intersection. From 461 Scopus documents, the authors identified 33 studies considering cybersecurity as part of a sustainability agenda and included them in the analysis. The research explored three questions: (i) What emerging trends dominate the field? (ii) Where do studies place their primary emphasis? and (iii) How is AI used to enhance cybersecurity integration with sustainability? Keyword mapping identified three largely separate clusters: cyber threats and sustainability, critical infrastructure resilience, and smart grid/AI solutions, confirming the field’s fragmentation. Content analysis categorized the papers into five themes: sector-specific applications, SDG/ESG-oriented frameworks, governance and disclosure, resilient supply chains, and secure e-government. Fewer than half of the studies include empirical data, highlighting the need for real-world validation. The analysis results demonstrate how AI techniques, including machine learning models, ANN-based behavior models, system dynamics simulations, and anomaly detection algorithms, can provide cyber resilience while enhancing energy efficiency, privacy protection, and economic continuity. These instances illustrate cybersecurity as a driver of sustainable development. Future research should increase empirical testing, include sector-specific analysis, prioritize a unified approach for sustainability frameworks that integrates cybersecurity, and explore metrics that could measure security posture and sustainability performance.