During a female’s reproductive lifecycle, hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) play crucial roles in bone health. Their levels fluctuate significantly from puberty through menopause, influencing the bone remodeling process and the risk of osteoporosis and fracture. Pregnancy and breastfeeding require a significant amount of calcium, which is temporarily withdrawn from the mother’s bones to support the fetus/infant, but is typically fully recovered during weaning. In the long run, the changes to bone during pregnancy set the trajectory of bone health leading up to the menopause transition. Menopause and the 1–2 years leading up to a woman’s last period are characterized by a sharp decline in estrogen and progesterone, triggering rapid bone loss. While the major consequences to skeletal health due to the loss of estrogen in postmenopausal women is well understood, the impact of hormonal fluctuations to bone strength and structure during other lifecycle stages is less well studied. In addition, the alterations in bone morphology, material properties, and hormonal status warrant further investigation as they are important factors to consider when designing and optimizing the biomaterials used in implants for women.