This chapter explores the remarkable capabilities of ultrashort-pulsed lasers, which emit bursts of light that are incredibly brief yet intensely powerful. These lasers allow material processing that leaves almost no thermal damage, a quality known as “cold ablation.” The chapter introduces fascinating applications like micromachining of intricate structures, microsurgery with minimal invasiveness, and processing of delicate materials such as glass or polymers. It also highlights how ultrashort pulses are used to generate extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light sources that play a vital role in the fabrication of next-generation semiconductor chips.