Current megatrends (automated driving, electromobility, software-defined vehicles) and new key technologies (steer-by-wire, brake-by-wire, domain-based E/E architectures) lead to an increasing number of electrified, motion-relevant components being introduced into series production. These components enable the development of an integrated chassis control (ICC) that controls all motion-relevant components, networks them with each other and coordinates them holistically to optimally control the vehicle motion regarding an adjustable desired driving behavior. This work investigates whether modern brake-by-wire systems can take over the lateral control of automated driving functions in the event of a failure of the steer-by-wire system and maintain the vehicle’s cornering. Vehicle Motion Management (VMM), which is being developed by IAV GmbH as ICC, uses nonlinear Model Predictive Control (nMPC) to realize individually adjustable driving behavior. This not only combines and weights classic target criteria of driving safety and comfort with new target criteria of automated driving (driving efficiency), but also enables fault-tolerant vehicle motion. To determine whether modern brake-by-wire systems can take over lateral control, the vehicle model is extended by the model of an electromechanical brake system (EMB). The driving situation consists of stationary straight ahead driving and then cornering. The steering system is unable to set the front wheel steering angle due to a sudden failure. The VMM must control the EMB to maintain cornering. The geometric curve parameters (curve radius, clothoid parameter) are replaced by the legally defined minimum parameters of the German highway (EKA 1A) from the guidelines for German highways to map the corner case. This corner case is run through for various statistically relevant driving speeds. To objectively evaluate whether the EMB can take over the lateral control of automated driving functions in the event of a failure of the steer-by-wire system and maintain the vehicle’s cornering, the maximum lateral deviation during cornering was calculated. The results show that cornering can be maintained at all driving speeds. Even at a lateral acceleration of 2 m/s2, which according to internal statistics is not exceeded by 95% of drivers on German highways, the vehicle remains within the lane. The simulation data of the VMM control illustrates that fault-tolerant lateral control can already be realized today with modern brake-by-wire systems.

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Simulative Potential Analysis of Brake-By-Wire Systems for Integrated Chassis Control Strategies and Software-Defined Vehicles

  • Tim Ahrenhold,
  • Moritz Vocht,
  • Mark Wielitzka,
  • Toni Feissel,
  • Jonas Rawitzer,
  • Jonas Schrader

摘要

Current megatrends (automated driving, electromobility, software-defined vehicles) and new key technologies (steer-by-wire, brake-by-wire, domain-based E/E architectures) lead to an increasing number of electrified, motion-relevant components being introduced into series production. These components enable the development of an integrated chassis control (ICC) that controls all motion-relevant components, networks them with each other and coordinates them holistically to optimally control the vehicle motion regarding an adjustable desired driving behavior. This work investigates whether modern brake-by-wire systems can take over the lateral control of automated driving functions in the event of a failure of the steer-by-wire system and maintain the vehicle’s cornering. Vehicle Motion Management (VMM), which is being developed by IAV GmbH as ICC, uses nonlinear Model Predictive Control (nMPC) to realize individually adjustable driving behavior. This not only combines and weights classic target criteria of driving safety and comfort with new target criteria of automated driving (driving efficiency), but also enables fault-tolerant vehicle motion. To determine whether modern brake-by-wire systems can take over lateral control, the vehicle model is extended by the model of an electromechanical brake system (EMB). The driving situation consists of stationary straight ahead driving and then cornering. The steering system is unable to set the front wheel steering angle due to a sudden failure. The VMM must control the EMB to maintain cornering. The geometric curve parameters (curve radius, clothoid parameter) are replaced by the legally defined minimum parameters of the German highway (EKA 1A) from the guidelines for German highways to map the corner case. This corner case is run through for various statistically relevant driving speeds. To objectively evaluate whether the EMB can take over the lateral control of automated driving functions in the event of a failure of the steer-by-wire system and maintain the vehicle’s cornering, the maximum lateral deviation during cornering was calculated. The results show that cornering can be maintained at all driving speeds. Even at a lateral acceleration of 2 m/s2, which according to internal statistics is not exceeded by 95% of drivers on German highways, the vehicle remains within the lane. The simulation data of the VMM control illustrates that fault-tolerant lateral control can already be realized today with modern brake-by-wire systems.