Carbon-based nanocompositesNanocomposites withCarbon-based nanocomposites unique properties like high mechanical strengthMechanical strength, flexibility, or electrical conductivity represent promising materials in self-healingSelf-healing applications. CompositesComposites consist of carbon nanomaterialsCarbon Nanomaterials (CNM), including grapheneGraphene, carbon nanotubesCarbon Nanotube (CNT), carbon dotsCarbon Dots (CDs), and fullerenes, combined with polymersPolymer or other matrices, enabling these materials to self-repair the structural damage and restore integrity. Depending on building blocks and principles of action, self-healingSelf-healing mechanisms in carbon-based nanocomposites may be differentiated as intrinsic and extrinsic-extrinsic. The first develops under the action of reversible bonds and supramolecular interactions. In contrast, in the second case, encapsulated healing agents start to act upon their release due to damage. Besides that, there is an accent to stimuli-responsiveStimuli-responsive systems employing thermalThermal, electric, or light-driven triggers able to activate the respective healing processes. Similar applications of carbon-based self-healing materials are reported in structural materials, flexible electronicsFlexible electronics, biomedicalBiomedical devices, and protective coatingsCoatings. However, issues at the level of material compatibility, scalability in processing, and environmental concerns must be resolved with current challenges. Contrary to this, integrating machine learning into intelligent sensing and synthesizing multifunctional compositesComposites brings new ways of sustaining efficiency and versatility in these materials. What the future may hold forCarbon-based nanocomposites carbon-based nanocompositesNanocomposites is immense promise for developing green, durable materials in a wide range of applications.