Agricultural soil pollution can lead to several health issues due to the accumulation of heavy metals (HMs), pesticides, pathogens, and organic contaminants. These pollutants can enter the food chain or contaminate water sources, causing diseases such as cancer (from exposure to carcinogenic compounds like certain pesticides or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), neurological disorders (linked to heavy metals like lead and mercury), reproductive problems, and hormonal imbalances (due to endocrine-disrupting chemicals). Additionally, pathogens from improperly treated animal waste can spread gastrointestinal infections, including salmonellosis, E. coli infections, and helminthiases. Long-term exposure to contaminated soil or water can also lead to chronic respiratory diseases and skin conditions. The indirect effects, such as antibiotic resistance due to overuse of veterinary drugs and fertilizers, also pose serious public health threats.On the other hand, environmental pollution is a major problem associated with rapid industrialization, urbanization, and a rise in living standards of people. Increasing the amount of hazardous waste and the pressure that it has on the environment impose the need to introduce an advanced approach to effectively managing this waste. This chapter provides a critical review of existing hazardous waste management practices. It examines the limitations, challenges, and opportunities within current frameworks and discusses the varied approaches adopted globally, shedding light on the gaps in toxic waste management methodologies and their impact on agricultural soil and environmental sustainability. This chapter puts emphasis on zero waste approach to limit toxic material utilization.