This chapter examines how hybrid actors—ranging from NGOs and community leaders to faith-based organizations—reshape governance in Haiti’s urban margins through informal politics and situated practices of authority. In the absence of a coherent state presence, these actors assume multiple and sometimes contradictory roles: service providers, brokers of power, mediators of conflict, and architects of territorial order. Their actions create overlapping sovereignties and contested arenas of legitimacy, where formal state institutions coexist uneasily with informal systems of regulation and control. Far from peripheral, the margins become central laboratories of governance, where the micropolitics of everyday survival intersect with broader dynamics of fragmentation and negotiation. Yet, the empowerment of hybrid actors is ambivalent: while they fill critical gaps in service provision and strengthen local resilience, they also risk entrenching clientelism, reinforcing territorial inequalities, and bypassing democratic accountability. By foregrounding the interplay between formal and informal domains, this chapter argues that understanding Haitian urban governance requires moving beyond the dichotomy of state failure and resilience, toward a more nuanced appreciation of plural authority and the situated production of power.

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The Power of the Margins: Hybrid Actors and Informal Politics

  • Christophe Providence

摘要

This chapter examines how hybrid actors—ranging from NGOs and community leaders to faith-based organizations—reshape governance in Haiti’s urban margins through informal politics and situated practices of authority. In the absence of a coherent state presence, these actors assume multiple and sometimes contradictory roles: service providers, brokers of power, mediators of conflict, and architects of territorial order. Their actions create overlapping sovereignties and contested arenas of legitimacy, where formal state institutions coexist uneasily with informal systems of regulation and control. Far from peripheral, the margins become central laboratories of governance, where the micropolitics of everyday survival intersect with broader dynamics of fragmentation and negotiation. Yet, the empowerment of hybrid actors is ambivalent: while they fill critical gaps in service provision and strengthen local resilience, they also risk entrenching clientelism, reinforcing territorial inequalities, and bypassing democratic accountability. By foregrounding the interplay between formal and informal domains, this chapter argues that understanding Haitian urban governance requires moving beyond the dichotomy of state failure and resilience, toward a more nuanced appreciation of plural authority and the situated production of power.