Free walking in virtual reality is considered the most natural and effective way to explore virtual environments and enhance immersion and presence. Accurately tracking the user’s position in a walkable physical environment can effectively avoid visual misalignment, collisions, and increase immersion. Feature-based tracking is the mainstream method, but indoor environments usually contain large areas of uniformity (e.g., white walls) or repetitive textures (e.g., ceramic tiles), which makes reliable feature detection and tracking challenging. In such environments, marker-based tracking can effectively overcome these challenges. However, this method requires complex manual layout of markers, which hinders its practical application. Therefore, this paper proposes an effective automatic marker placement strategy for specific physical environments and predefined paths, which can automatically determine the optimal placement of markers within given physical boundaries and constraints. We also design an evaluation method to assess the tracking accuracy of our approach. Experimental results show that our proposed method significantly improves tracking accuracy. This demonstrates that our method provides a practical and effective solution for accurately tracking the user’s position in indoor environments that lack unique features.