The chapter provides a historical overview of the Slovak preschool and primary education system, focusing on the current legislation and reforms in the first quarter of the twenty-first century. A comprehensive and critical overview of Slovak national-level research related to the transition from kindergarten to school in the last 25 years and their impact on pedagogical practice is presented. The review examines school readiness, a crucial factor in the kindergarten-school transition, focusing on children’s development of critical basic skills during the transition period. It also explores transition to school programs and pedagogical reality, proposing solutions to ensure successful school start for children with national characteristics taken into account. The chapter emphasises the importance of transition programs in preparing children for school and highlights the need for systemic changes in Slovakia in order to effectively support pedagogical practice.