Environmental pollution leads to severe threat to human health as well as damages the natural environment. Wide range of pollutants including heavy metals are found in the environment. Bioremediation is that method which aids in removal of such toxic pollutants from the environment by utilizing biological agents such as plants and microorganisms. Various mechanisms are being utilized to eradicate pollutants from the environment. Either in-situ or ex-situ bioremediating techniques can be used to eliminate the pollutants from the environment based on the nature and toxicity of the pollutant. This chapter mainly focuses on microorganisms and plants used in bioremediation, various mechanisms and techniques of bioremediation of numerous pollutants and advances in bioremediation.