China’s 14th Five Year Plan clearly states the need to promote innovative development and practical application in the field of agricultural supply chain. As an important agricultural province in China, Hubei Province has a rich variety of fresh agricultural products and a huge output. However, there are still many problems in the supply chain model, which seriously affects the market competitiveness of agricultural products and the income level of farmers. It is urgent to optimize the existing fresh agricultural product supply chain model in Hubei Province to address these issues. This article first analyzes and compares the characteristics of traditional wholesale market models including agricultural supermarket docking models, e-commerce platform models, cooperative integration models, and other fresh agricultural product supply models; The AHP fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was applied to evaluate four modes of fresh agricultural product supply chain in Hubei Province; Finally, strategies for optimizing the supply chain model of fresh agricultural products in Hubei Province were proposed. This study is beneficial for enriching the theoretical system of agricultural product supply chain model research, and can provide reference for the construction and optimization of supply chain models for fresh agricultural products in Hubei Province, reducing supply chain costs, and improving the overall operational efficiency of the supply chain.