With the rapid development of mobile Internet technology, the government has introduced the “Internet + Healthcare” policy, which has lead to the emergence of online medical consultation platforms. However, the healthy development of these platforms is closely related to the online service capabilities of physicians. Some physicians, due to insufficient experience or lack of motivation, provide poor service quality. This not only affects patient experience but also exacerbates the waste of resources. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of online services and optimize resource allocation, this paper investigates the factors influencing physicians’ performance. Specifically, this paper takes physicians on the Hao Daifu online platform as the research objects, constructs a research model based on the two-factor theory and trust theory, and proposes relevant hypotheses. Subsequently, using the Octopus software, publicly available data of physicians on the Hao Daifu online platform are collected. Empirical analysis is conducted to test the research hypotheses. The research findings indicate that the physicians’ service quality (including physicians’ response speed and the number of popular science articles) and patient feedback (number of heartfelt gifts and degree of patient recommendation) have significant positive effect on physicians’ performance. Based on the research results, this paper proposes three strategies to enhance physicians’ performance on the Hao Daifu online platform.