Aquaculture is a growing industry worldwide and makes up almost half of the world’s production of aquatic animals meant for human consumption. Norway is the world’s largest exporter of Atlantic salmon, with the sea-based production mainly being placed along the coastline, constantly dealing with challenging weather conditions. Daily operations currently rely heavily on manual labour and experience-based decision-making, with a steady struggle to balance productivity, fish welfare, and the HSE conditions of the workers. Many maritime domains already benefit greatly from the use of underwater robotics to increase efficiency, reduce costs, and ensure safety of operations. Similarly, an increased use of robotic and autonomous solutions in the sea-based aquaculture industry could greatly improve safety of operations. However, the sea-based aquaculture industry poses unique challenges to robotic solutions compared to other parts of the maritime domain because of the dynamically changing environment, the flexible structures, and the living fish. This chapter gives an in-depth overview of the many inspection, maintenance, and repair procedures that need to be performed to maintain safe and sustainable operations in sea-based aquaculture in Norway. The status of robotics, digitalization, and autonomy for these operations is considered, both in applications and the potential for future innovations. Extensive research and development efforts made to enable the use of more robotics and autonomy in daily operations are also presented. Digital twin technology is likely to be a crucial component in developing the new technologies within robotics and autonomy needed in the aquaculture practices of the future. Throughout the chapter, the possible roles of a digital twin in realizing this potential are highlighted.