Distributed Prediction Ledger: A Theoretical Framework for Privacy-Preserving Consensus on Heterogeneous Continuous Values
摘要
Competitive markets face a fundamental tension related to the Grossman-Stiglitz paradox: agents could benefit from aggregating predictions, yet sharing them destroys competitive advantage. We introduce the Distributed Prediction Ledger (DPL), a protocol that shifts from traditional value consensus to process consensus. This paradigm shift enables competitive agents to harness collective intelligence without revealing individual strategies. DPL orchestrates a unique combination of Byzantine fault tolerance, differential privacy, and verifiable delay functions within a hierarchical architecture, achieving optimal communication complexity while preserving prediction confidentiality. Our Master Theorem proves that DPL approximates optimal aggregation with formal privacy and robustness guarantees. The framework directly addresses real-world challenges in quantitative finance, where hedge funds using proprietary models could benefit from aggregated market insights but cannot share their strategies. This work opens a new research direction in distributed systems, transforming zero-sum competition into collaborative intelligence.