Biofilms are structured microbial communities that produce extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), forming cohesive surface coatings. These systems have been extensively studied to their diverse applications, particularly remediation of heavy metals from wastewater. Among the microbial groups capable of pollutant removal, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRBs) embebed within biofilms have shown significant promise. SRBs facilite the precipitation of metal ions through metabolic processes, offering a cost-effective, efficient and environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional treatments. However, specific environmental and operational conditions must be optimized biofilm formation and enhance heave metal bioprecipitation. This chapter outlines the critical parameters required for effective interactions between SRBs and heavy metals, based on a comprehensive literature review conducted via the ScienceDirect database. SRBs represent a promising bioremediation strategy, precipitating heavy metals as stable sulfides compounds. Their efficiency is contingent upon maintaining optimal environmental conditions to ensure both perform and sustainability. This research aligns with the several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, including Goal 6 (clean water and sanitation), Goal 3 (health and well-being), Goal 11(sustainable cities and communities) and Goal 14 (underwater life).