Conditions affecting the testes are a common reason for pediatric patients to be referred to a urologist. The conditions most often seen, underlying pathology and appropriate treatment differ between pediatric versus adult patients. For this reason, it is important for the adult urologist to be familiar with the most common conditions affecting the pediatric testis. This chapter will review these conditions including undescended testis (UDT), hydroceles and hernias, testicular pain and testicular masses with an emphasis on differences between pediatric and adult patients and initial workup and management of these diagnoses.