Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) is found in 1–2% of young children. This chapter examines the basis for diagnosis, investigation, treatment, and outcomes for patients in the longer term. It is established that mild VUR has a high chance of spontaneous resolution and may not need any treatment. The presence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and renal scarring is a strong indication for treatment. Treatment options include: medical management, endoscopic management, and ureteric reimplantation. In the longer term, those with renal scarring should be monitored for hypertension and proteinuria. Female patients who have a history of VUR, chronic kidney disease, or renal scarring need careful counselling and management before and during pregnancy.