Among animals, vertebrates are popular because they are linked to us regarding evolutionary history, as we are part of this subphylum. Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and also fish can be found in many school gardens, where they find important refuges in urban environments. School gardens therefore offer meeting places for humans and vertebrates and thus promote the development of species literacy. Species literacy is considered a key predictor for the development of positive attitudes towards nature and nature conservation in the sense of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 15 “Life on Land”. The development of species literacy and essential scientific skills are closely related. For instance, learners identify birds by observation or they record and document the development of amphibians at a pond or experiment with nesting aids. They can also take a protective role by improving habitats for reptiles when planting hedges or creating cairns. Thus, they experience themselves as competent and self-effective, and the foundation for the genesis of a long-lasting, individual interest is laid. Besides a general introduction, this chapter addresses the initiation of scientific skills while experiencing vertebrates in the school garden and provides concrete suggestions for proactive action to protect the vertebrate fauna.