This chapter offers an in-depth exploration of anaesthesiology-specific drugs, focusing on agents central to modern anaesthetic practice. The chapter begins with a detailed review of intravenous anaesthetic agents, including propofol, etomidate, ketamine, and barbiturates, highlighting their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses, and unique properties. Inhalational anaesthetic agents are then discussed, covering both volatile agents and nitrous oxide, with emphasis on uptake, distribution, and cardiovascular and respiratory effects. The chapter proceeds to examine neuromuscular blocking drugs, distinguishing between depolarising and non-depolarising agents, and addressing reversal strategies, monitoring, and clinical considerations. Finally, local anaesthetics are reviewed, including their mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, and applications in regional anaesthesia, with attention to toxicity and prevention. Throughout, the chapter integrates theoretical pharmacology with practical clinical guidance, enabling trainees to understand the pharmacological basis of anaesthetic techniques, optimise drug selection, and enhance patient safety in perioperative care.