This study identifies key climate risks affecting Ukraine’s agricultural sector and examines the strategic role of digital agro-innovations in addressing these challenges. It analyzes the functionality of core technologies—including agrodrones, satellite monitoring, the Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence (AI)—and proposes an integrated digital agroecosystem model. Unlike prior studies that focus on individual tools, this research introduces a systems-based approach that enables the synergistic interaction of digital solutions for building climate-resilient, resource-efficient, and environmentally sustainable agriculture. The proposed framework offers a practical and conceptual basis for national strategies, digital transformation programs, and climate adaptation policies. The findings are particularly relevant for Ukraine’s war-affected agricultural sector and contribute to advancing innovation, sustainability, and adaptive capacity in agri-food systems.