Citizens’ civic resilience and preparedness for national defence depend on their responsibility, commitment and state action in implementing the principles of national defence. The chapter discusses the measures taken by the State to enhance the civic resilience and preparedness of different groups of citizens. The Lithuanian case study highlights the positive and problematic aspects of training citizens for national defence. To improve the process, it is recommended that the training content be reviewed, trainers’ competence be enhanced, democratic values be promoted in all state contexts, and support be provided for the inclusion and unity of society.