Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by non-voluntary, partially suppressible, repetitive motor movements and vocalizations called tics. Tics can be motor or vocal, and simple or complex. They are typically preceded by an uncomfortable sensation, defined as a “premonitory urge,” which is relieved by performing the specific movement or sound. Tics commonly begin ~age 5, and change in frequency, location, and intensity over time, often improving in late teen years in the majority of patients. TS is often familial, with heritability estimates ranging from 50% to 80%. Around 85% of individuals with TS also have at least one co-occurring neuropsychiatric disorder, the most common being OCD and ADHD, both of which share partially overlapping genetic risk with TS that contribute to the development and regulation of brain circuits (cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loops) that underlie motor learning and similar functions in limbic and cognitive domains. Treatments for tics aim to reduce symptoms, though they are not curative. Current treatments include behavioral therapy as the preferred first-line treatment, and medications such as alpha-2 agonists, and dopamine D2 receptor antagonists.