This chapter examines the role of international law in the emerging governance landscape of GE. Key issues of international law on GE remain debatable and unresolved. It is argued that internationally harmonized standards for GE are indispensable for the effective governance of these activities. A prospective GE regime needs to be comprehensive, multilateral, and backed-up by appropriate institutional framework(s). It also needs to incorporate non-state perspectives and promote coherence between applicable international law rules. The legal research community, in collaboration with other sciences, faces a formidable task of promoting scientifically informed decision-making and working out feasible and effective legal solutions to fill out gaps for GE.