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Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a disorder driven by a complex interplay of anatomical, neuromuscular, and behavioral factors. This chapter reviews the orofacial structures and functional contributors, such as tongue posture, velar muscle coordination, and nasal obstruction, that compromise airway patency. It presents emerging evidence on the role of oropharyngeal muscle dysfunction and craniofacial growth disturbances in both adult and pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The potential of orofacial myofunctional therapy (OMT) to enhance adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), complement mandibular advancement devices, and serve as a first-line intervention in mild cases is highlighted. Sleep physicians are encouraged to collaborate with ENT and dental specialists to implement a functional, endotype-driven model of care that targets both airway behavior and structure.

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Anatomy of Orofacial Complex and Relationship with OSA

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Peter M. Baptista,
  • Tina Rokadia,
  • Guillermo Plaza,
  • Gabriela Bosco

摘要

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a disorder driven by a complex interplay of anatomical, neuromuscular, and behavioral factors. This chapter reviews the orofacial structures and functional contributors, such as tongue posture, velar muscle coordination, and nasal obstruction, that compromise airway patency. It presents emerging evidence on the role of oropharyngeal muscle dysfunction and craniofacial growth disturbances in both adult and pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The potential of orofacial myofunctional therapy (OMT) to enhance adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), complement mandibular advancement devices, and serve as a first-line intervention in mild cases is highlighted. Sleep physicians are encouraged to collaborate with ENT and dental specialists to implement a functional, endotype-driven model of care that targets both airway behavior and structure.