The introductory chapter presents the book’s methodological approach and emphasizes the innovative interpretive framework it adopts. The section “Influence and timeliness of Nietzsche’s philosophy” examines the formative impact of German materialism on Nietzsche’s thought and outlines the diverse receptions of his philosophy in movements such as Nazism, transhumanism, existentialism, and postmodernism. The subsequent section, “How is it possible to speak of Nietzsche’s ethics?”, addresses the methodological difficulties posed by Nietzsche’s aphoristic and poetic style when attempting to derive systematic theories from his writings. At the same time, it identifies the recurring themes that provide a basis for reconstructing Nietzsche’s ethical perspective and for articulating the critique of morality that arises from it.