This chapter discusses common industrial chemicals such as surfactants, copolymers, and consumer products, including textiles. Due to their chemical differences, these substances have varying potential health effects. It offers a concise overview of their chemical and physical properties, human exposure, primary health risks, and toxicokinetics, with references to additional scientific literature. The main goal is to provide detailed information on their presence in human samples like blood, urine, and breast milk. Specifically, it covers aromatic amines, diisocyanate, perchlorate, thiocyanate, nonyl- and octylphenols, cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes, and chloro- and bromophenols. Additionally, the increasingly important topic of microplastics is introduced, and in this context, health aspects, toxicokinetics, and the concentrations found to date in human test materials are discussed.