This chapter summarizes information on polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) and metals/elements. The key representatives of the PAC group are unsubstituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, along with nitrated or oxygenated analogs. They primarily originate from human activities, such as the incomplete combustion of organic materials (referred to as pyrolysis) in industrial processes, heating with fossil fuels, motor vehicles, and both intentional and accidental fires. These compounds are found throughout the environment, and their carcinogenic effects are significant for humans. Metals are naturally present in the Earth's crust, and in addition to this natural occurrence, exposure from human activities such as mining, processing, and extensive use in various industrial applications must also be taken into account. Such activities have resulted in high contamination of environmental media, posing a considerable risk to human health. They influence various biochemical and physiological functions of living organisms, with severe health effects seen for many metals at elevated concentrations. Therefore, this chapter includes a brief overview of the chemical and physical characteristics, usage patterns of these substances, their primary health risks, and toxicokinetic properties, as well as references to further scientific literature. The primary goal is to detail their occurrence in human matrices, including blood, urine, and breast milk. In this context, comprehensive information is provided on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives, such as nitro-PAH, oxy-PAH, and alkyl-PAH. Additionally, substantial data on metals and elements like arsenic, cadmium, lead, nickel, and mercury are also included.