This chapter considers the question: Are humans the sole intelligent beings in the universe? We examine this question by applying the epistemological concepts of certainty and uncertainty to revelatory, rational, and empirical knowledge. We also address how the discovery of ETI could challenge our understanding of human uniqueness among all of God’s creations. Compared to other species, humans have significantly advanced cognitive and intellectual abilities, higher moral and ethical reasoning, and a unique capacity for religious and spiritual beliefs. How would the discovery of ETI impact our understanding of humans as biologically and evolutionarily exceptional? An Islamic theological perspective on human uniqueness asserts that humans have been favored with Divine guidance through human messengers who receive waḥy (Divine revelation) and then distribute it. These human messengers are distinguished by exceptional moral characteristics such as honesty, integrity, patience, generosity, and trustworthiness, and are protected by Allah from committing sins, known as ʿiṣma (Divine protection), ensuring reliable and trustworthy conveyance of Divine revelation. Allah chooses these human messengers to guide humanity and to serve as role models. Would God guide extraterrestrial intelligent beings similarly to how humans are guided through human messengers?