Are our actions predetermined by a higher power or genetics, or do we possess free will? Theology and bioscience offer different perspectives on this issue. From a theological standpoint, predetermination is conceptualized as Divine providence, wherein a supreme power governs all occurrences, while simultaneously affirming human free will and moral accountability. Conversely, contemporary bioscientific discourses propose that what is perceived as free will may be an illusion generated by neurobiological processes, with genetic predispositions exerting substantial influence over human behavior and decision-making. This raises the question of moral culpability: if our actions are predetermined, then are we morally culpable? This chapter explores these issues from theological and bioscientific viewpoints; current neuroscience research related to free will and genetic influence on behavior will be described. The Islamic perspective will cover the issue of Divine decree, human accountability (mukallaf), innate disposition (fiṭra), and choices (ikhtiyārāt). In addition, the chapter will clarify the concept of human nature and explain the role of guidance in shaping human behavior. The chapter also scrutinizes a case study on genetically influenced criminal behavior to examine the concepts of choice and culpability within reference to the epistemological framework presented in Chapter  2 .