The paper studies the main oil pollution issues of the Absheron Peninsula. Physical, chemical, and physicochemical parameters of these soils have been investigated. It has been established that the most promising, economically advantageous, and environmentally safe way to solve the problems of cleaning contaminated soils is the use of biological technologies, in particular, bioremediation based on the use of microbial associations that actively utilize oil hydrocarbons. The eligibility of the use of biopreparation to restore the biological activity of the soil has been examined. It has been established that the use of biopreparation has a beneficial effect on the microbiological and biochemical properties of contaminated soils. The possibility of bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils of the Surakhani and Binagadi fields has been studied using a biological preparation based on activated sludge containing strains of micro-organisms that are active oil destructors. It has been determined that the intensification of their microbial destruction occupies an important place in cleaning soils contaminated with oil. A model experiment is proposed for a comparative study of the effect of different doses of the bio-preparation (0.1, 0.5, and 2.0 g/kg of soil) on the utilization of oil of different composition and concentration in two soil types. It is analyzed that the introduction of the biopreparation into oil-contaminated soils leads to a decrease in the oil content in them, activating the enzymatic activity of the soils, which indicates the possibility of their use for the restoration of oil-contaminated soils. It is revealed that microorganisms of biopreparation use oil and oil products as the only source of nutrition.