For more than a century, the Jharia coalfield located in India has suffered from significant environmental deterioration, posing major health hazards to the surrounding communities. In order to properly monitor and evaluate environmental impacts, this study suggests an integrated strategy utilizing cutting-edge geospatial technologies, including geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS). Multi-temporal satellite imagery reveals the alterations in vegetation cover, urban development, water bodies, and land surface temperature (LST) conditions across different time periods. The analysis focuses on land surface temperature (LST) and various spectral indices such as NDVI, NDWI, and NDBI to measure the degree of degradation in the region over the past ten years. The findings of these analyses indicate a notable increase in land surface temperature (LST max increased from 38.0 to 47.4 °C), but a considerable drop in vegetation health (NDVI max reduced from 0.57 to 0.32) along with surface water extent (NDWI declined from 0.21 to 0.01). Concurrently, built-up areas (NDBI) grew, a sign of ongoing environmental deterioration in the study area caused by coal fires and mining operations. The findings contribute to establishing a framework for the environment. Planning and management, providing actionable recommendations to alleviate the environmental and social consequences of coal fires in Jharia.