Agriculture is paramount to Central Africa, serving as the backbone of the economy and a vital source of livelihood for the majority of the population. It underpins the region’s food security, employment, and overall economic development. The sector, however, faces a blend of challenges, as demonstrated by low productivity, food insecurity, and high levels of malnutrition. This chapter explores the state of agriculture and food systems in Central Africa, identifies the challenges of sub-regional agriculture and food systems, and examines actions being taken to address agricultural and food system challenges in the sub-region. The chapter draws from primary and secondary documents, both in grey and academic formats, on agriculture and food systems in Central Africa. The chapter shows that Central Africa faces significant challenges in its agricultural and food systems, characterised by climate change impacts, high levels of food insecurity, low productivity, limited infrastructure, political instability, soil degradation, and post-harvest losses. To deal with these challenges, countries in the region, individually and collectively, with the support of regional and international organisations, are implementing diverse targeted interventions towards building more resilient and sustainable agricultural and food systems. The chapter concludes that addressing agricultural and food systems in the sub-region requires comprehensive approaches that include peacebuilding, climate adaptation strategies, investment in agricultural infrastructure and technology, and support for vulnerable populations.