In ancient Chinese culture, the universe was conceived as moral-natural continuum, where human virtue influenced cosmic harmony. This cosmological view, rooted in the Shang’s organicist worldview (e.g., oracle bone divination), framed humans—especially rulers—as custodians of cosmic harmony through ritual and calendrical precision. As agriculture depended on this cycle, the emperor enforced the Mandate of Heaven by regulating rituals and activities through the calendar, which later became a cornerstone of Confucian social harmony. Celestial observation and divination, tied to the calendar, ensured governance aligned with cosmic order.