This chapter introduces and examines the philosophy of Wang Guowei 王國維 (1877–1927). Wang Guowei was one of the most respected and accomplished scholars in Chinese culture. Unlike most of his contemporary Chinese thinkers, he was not occupied by a search for power and wealth for China, but sincerely engaged in seeking universal truth for humankind. He was among the few Chinese thinkers who appreciate the intrinsic value of philosophy and art but do not treat them merely as a means to immediate political and moral ends. During his time, he was the only one whose introduction of Western philosophy to China was not strongly colored by pragmatic and didactic considerations. His greatest achievement lies in his application of Western philosophy and scientific method to studies of traditional Chinese disciplines. He is best known for his work in aesthetics and Chinese history. His works such as The Dream of the Red Chamber and Remarks on Lyrics in the Human World revolutionized Chinese literary studies and marked the beginning of modern Chinese aesthetics.