The growing need for urban deliveries, along with the rising proportion of small parcels in overall freight movement, is increasingly straining city road networks and exacerbating air pollution levels. This situation calls for innovative, sustainable logistics strategies that support healthier and more livable urban areas. The purpose of this research is to thoroughly investigate the dynamics and influencing factors behind the evolution of eco-friendly urban logistics systems, with a specific emphasis on cargo bicycles. While quantitative data and trend analyses are commonly available in academic sources, this study distinguishes itself by offering different angles of view on the development directions of management technologies in the last mile supply chains are considered. An explanatory review of existing literature serves as the primary research approach. An analysis of the prerequisites and current trends in the context of social and climate change suggests that the introduction of cargo bikes may become one of the most promising solutions for the formation of sustainable logistics systems in cities. The results of the analysis indicate that the potential for using cargo bikes in urban logistics is shaped by a complex interplay of technological advancement, the development of urban infrastructure, institutional and political support, and users’ willingness to adopt and adapt to innovative delivery models. Among the factors contributing to the growing popularity of this type of transport are the development of specialized infrastructure, government support, digitalization of logistics processes and integration with intelligent transport systems.