The study analyses in comparative terms the political and economic regulation of labour migration in the Russian Federation and the Federal RepublicRepublic of GermanyGermany in the first decades of the twenty-first century. The similarity of the problems of attracting a significant number of hired labour from foreign countries in the Russian Federation and Germany allows us to compare the approaches implemented by the authoritiesAuthorities of the two countries in the context of solving the issues of securing millions of foreigners on the territory of Russia and GermanyGermany for their subsequent use as an essential element that positively affects the degree of economic activityEconomic activity of economic complexes. In RussiaRussia, to a greater or lesser extent, attempts are being made to create an effective model for the integrationIntegration of natives of statesState, primarily from the near abroad, into the cultural and economic reality characteristic of the life of the population of such a vast country. It is noted that the legal acts adopted in the Russian Federation on the issues of regulating the influx of a large number of foreigners are insufficiently effective, because they do not have a systematic nature. In the context of the above, the approaches of the leading country in Western Europe in economic terms, which is the Federal RepublicRepublic of Germany, are studied. In comparison with the positions of the Russian authoritiesAuthorities, the measures to regulate the flow of labour migrantsMigrants in the Federal Republic of GermanyGermany have a higher degree of development, as these processes have been observed in Germany for a much longer period of time.