The purpose of the chapter is to attract interest in the geographical approach in the development and implementation of modernizationModernization strategies using the example of RussiaRussia. It is noted that, despite the existence of “classical” modernization concepts of the mid-twentieth century, there is no special theory of modernization in reality. The tasks of previous developments were attempts to interpret the very term “modernization,” to analyze the criteria and phases, stages and forms, the pace and nature of modernization processes in various countries. ModernizationModernization models are usually based on economic parameters, often leaving geographical and environmental determinants outside the scope of research interest, including the increasing problem situations in the world associated with dangerous disruption of the circulation of substances and energy in nature and the failure of regenerative mechanisms of the biosphere with human participation. The chapter provides a reasoned criticism of the positions of post-industrial societyPost-industrial society theorists who advocate the alienation of man from nature, often taking the position of geographical nihilism. It is argued that Russia'sRussia “anti-liberal nature” largely prevents the creation of a Western-style liberal economy. Its climateClimate and permafrostPermafrost have always imposed severe restrictions on the development of a vast territory, the development of agriculture and animal husbandry, industrial and civil engineering, the laying of main highways and country roads, etc.