By means of textual analysis of the main documents adopted by the SCO in 2022–2024, the article highlights priority areas of activity for the specified period. The key areas include developing reliable and sustainable supply chains supporting the multilateral trading system; preventing climate change; ensuring regional and global food security; cooperation in developing a sustainable and clean energy system; developing digital economy, high technologies, and innovations; strengthening security and stability; ensuring sustainable development of international relations; and confronting new challenges and threats. The main achievements of Russia and China in the field of trade, ecology, food, energy, and digital security for 2022–2024 are revealed. The article emphasizes that the rapidly increasing fruitful and multilateral cooperation between the Russian Federation and the PRC is strategically significant for both countries. It ensures continuous development in the context of the current Western sanctions policy and solving food, energy, and environmental problems. The cooperation is significant at the regional level since it ensures economic independence and stability, systematic multilateral development of the whole region. At the same time, at a global level joint efforts of Russia and China ensure a multipolar world.