This chapter examines Hamlet through a sociological lens, highlighting its enduring relevance to themes of identity, reflexivity, and the interplay between individual conscience, justice, and power. The court of Elsinore is read as a prototype of modern “surveillance societies”, where symbolic violence, manipulation of consensus, and control of information sustain authority. Hamlet’s paralysis is interpreted as the condition of the modern subject: fragmented, alienated, and trapped in reflexive doubt, deprived of stable moral frameworks. The “To be or not to be” soliloquy emerges as a universal meditation on action, fear, and uncertainty. Role ambivalence, performativity, and the crisis of language are explored through Goffman’s and Habermas’s theories, revealing speech as both a means of resistance and a tool vulnerable to manipulation. Female figures, Ophelia and Gertrude, exemplify gender marginalisation in patriarchal systems. Finally, this chapter situates Hamlet as a “cultural device of resistance”, adaptable to diverse political and social contexts, and as a mirror of modern subjectivity, where awareness and freedom coexist with indecision and the fragmentation of self.