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Lead-free BCZT [(Ba₀.₈₅Ca₀.₁₅)(Zr₀.₁Ti₀.₉)O₃] ceramics are promising eco-friendly alternatives to lead-based piezoelectrics due to their excellent functional properties. Here, the electrical and structural properties of BCZT ceramics were analyzed using XRD (X-ray diffraction) and impedance spectroscopy. Rietveldrefinement had confirmed the coexistence of orthorhombic (Pmm2, 76%) and tetragonal (P4mm, 24%) phases, indicating the presence of aMPB (morphotropic phase boundary) in the synthesized ceramics. Impedance spectroscopy demonstrated a strong temperature dependence of electrical properties, with Nyquist plots displaying semicircular arcs that distinguish the contributions from bulk (grain) and grain boundaries. The activation energies for conduction, determined using the Arrhenius equation, were found to be 0.3429 eV for bulk resistance (Rbulk) and 0.3758 eV forgrain boundary resistance (Rgb), highlighting the dominant influence of grain boundary conduction. The BCZT ceramics exhibited aNTCR (negative temperature coefficient of resistance) behavior, as evidenced by a decrease in the resistance with increasing of temperature, leading to enhanced AC conductivity.

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Lead-Free BCZT Ceramics: A Structural and Electrical Perspective

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • R. V. Rahul,
  • T. Murugesh,
  • B. Bagyalakshmi,
  • M. Veera Gajendra Babu

摘要

Lead-free BCZT [(Ba₀.₈₅Ca₀.₁₅)(Zr₀.₁Ti₀.₉)O₃] ceramics are promising eco-friendly alternatives to lead-based piezoelectrics due to their excellent functional properties. Here, the electrical and structural properties of BCZT ceramics were analyzed using XRD (X-ray diffraction) and impedance spectroscopy. Rietveldrefinement had confirmed the coexistence of orthorhombic (Pmm2, 76%) and tetragonal (P4mm, 24%) phases, indicating the presence of aMPB (morphotropic phase boundary) in the synthesized ceramics. Impedance spectroscopy demonstrated a strong temperature dependence of electrical properties, with Nyquist plots displaying semicircular arcs that distinguish the contributions from bulk (grain) and grain boundaries. The activation energies for conduction, determined using the Arrhenius equation, were found to be 0.3429 eV for bulk resistance (Rbulk) and 0.3758 eV forgrain boundary resistance (Rgb), highlighting the dominant influence of grain boundary conduction. The BCZT ceramics exhibited aNTCR (negative temperature coefficient of resistance) behavior, as evidenced by a decrease in the resistance with increasing of temperature, leading to enhanced AC conductivity.