The increase in industrialization across the globe and over exploitation of fossil fuel has resulted in large scale emission of Greenhouse gasesGreenhouse gases (GHG) to the atmosphere. Approximately 8% of total CO2 emission into the atmosphere is due to tourism activities. Munroe IslandMunroe Island, which lies in Kollam district of KeralaKerala, India, at the confluence of the Ashtamudi Lake and Kallada River, comprises eight tiny islands and covers an area of about 13.4 km2. Munroe Island is now heavily dependent on tourism, which significantly impacts the island’s indigenous population and its distinctive natural beauty. The island faces environmental problems such as land subsidence, flooding, and agricultural degradation. The current work assesses the CO2 emission of Munroe Island, due to the impact of tourism, using life cycle assessmentLife cycle assessment (LCA). The major components of CO2 emission considered in the present study include transportation, accommodation, leisure activities and waste generated. The functional unit (FU) for the study is defined as “per tourist per day”. The total generation of CO2 is 17.43 kg CO2 eq./FU, of which 9.04 kg CO2 eq./FU (51.83% of total emission) is contributed by transportation sector, whereas 7.103 kg CO2 eq./FU (40.75% of total emission) is due to accommodation. The study shows that implementing solar energy systems in homestays, resorts, and lodges can reduce 95% of total emission contributed by electricity usage. CO2 emission from food waste can be reduced to 29.44% by implementing biogas plants in homestays and resorts. The use of diesel-powered boats is the major contributor to CO2 emissions from leisure activity on Munroe IslandMunroe Island. Switching to solar-powered ferries can reduce emissions by 87.54%. Thus, the study shows that by the meticulous examination of the carbon footprint, the major environmental issues of tourist spots can be identified for finding sustainable solutions.

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Carbon Footprint Analysis for Sustainable Tourism: The Munroe Island Case Study

  • A. Fazil,
  • Jesna Mohammed,
  • Annie Vinod,
  • K. P. Mohammed Rifaz,
  • T. O. Nandana,
  • Nandana Unni

摘要

The increase in industrialization across the globe and over exploitation of fossil fuel has resulted in large scale emission of Greenhouse gasesGreenhouse gases (GHG) to the atmosphere. Approximately 8% of total CO2 emission into the atmosphere is due to tourism activities. Munroe IslandMunroe Island, which lies in Kollam district of KeralaKerala, India, at the confluence of the Ashtamudi Lake and Kallada River, comprises eight tiny islands and covers an area of about 13.4 km2. Munroe Island is now heavily dependent on tourism, which significantly impacts the island’s indigenous population and its distinctive natural beauty. The island faces environmental problems such as land subsidence, flooding, and agricultural degradation. The current work assesses the CO2 emission of Munroe Island, due to the impact of tourism, using life cycle assessmentLife cycle assessment (LCA). The major components of CO2 emission considered in the present study include transportation, accommodation, leisure activities and waste generated. The functional unit (FU) for the study is defined as “per tourist per day”. The total generation of CO2 is 17.43 kg CO2 eq./FU, of which 9.04 kg CO2 eq./FU (51.83% of total emission) is contributed by transportation sector, whereas 7.103 kg CO2 eq./FU (40.75% of total emission) is due to accommodation. The study shows that implementing solar energy systems in homestays, resorts, and lodges can reduce 95% of total emission contributed by electricity usage. CO2 emission from food waste can be reduced to 29.44% by implementing biogas plants in homestays and resorts. The use of diesel-powered boats is the major contributor to CO2 emissions from leisure activity on Munroe IslandMunroe Island. Switching to solar-powered ferries can reduce emissions by 87.54%. Thus, the study shows that by the meticulous examination of the carbon footprint, the major environmental issues of tourist spots can be identified for finding sustainable solutions.