By virtue of their unique position in the healthcare landscape, primary care providers (PCPs) often serve as the point of first contact for patients struggling with a myriad of behavioral health (BH) conditions. For the PCP, diagnosing these conditions is made even more challenging due to the complex and often competing social and medical needs of the patients they serve. This chapter highlights the critical role of building rapport in the context of BH assessment, outlines a systematic approach to managing common BH concerns, and introduces diagnostic resources available to PCPs when approaching these patients.