Under the current global interest inEnvironmental environmentalMonitoring monitoringEnvironmental monitoring, it is essential to realize the evidence of threats through industrialization, urbanization, and intensive agricultural activities. Although traditional analytical approaches are powerful for the detection of environmentalEnvironmental contaminants, they frequently involve the use of costly devices, complicated sample preparation, and professional personnel, restricting the TLOD of on-site assay. Whole cellBiosensor biosensorsWhole cell biosensor (WCBs), which include living microbial, plant, or mammalian cells together with the transducerTransducer in the form of a single entity, have become attractive alternatives for monitoringMonitoring environmentalEnvironmental pollutionPollution because they present an inexpensive approach as opposed to conventional physical and chemical detection systems. These biosensorsBiosensor are based on metabolic pathways, stress responses, and the genetic network of the host cell. They can be used to detect various pollutantsPollutants such as heavy metalsHeavy metals, pesticides, hydrocarbons, and endocrine disruptors. This chapter is intended as a general overview of the principles and configurations of WCBsWhole cell biosensor, while also providing an introduction to their conventional operation and more recent approaches to the tool’s performance in detection (e.g., sensitivity, specificitySpecificity and stability) using techniques of genetic engineering and synthetic biology. To illustrate the applicability of these applications, we present case studies that demonstrate how the proposed applications enable waterWater quality assessment, soilSoil contaminationContamination mapping, and air pollutionPollution detection. We also discuss the limitations in cell viability, signal stability, experimental environmentEnvironment interference, etc., and potential prospects that will be further realized when integrating the WCBsWhole cell biosensor with IoTInternet of Things (IoT) platforms/portable devices/field-deployable systems in the future. The result is the integration of bio-tech, environmentalEnvironmental science, and engineering embodied in the WCBWhole cell biosensor platform as a disruptive technologyTechnology for the next generation of eco-centric analytical cases and efficient eco-system management.