The northern Qinling Mountains witnessed significant human activities, changing land use/land cover. The changes in land use can alter the processes of water circulation, thus affecting its quality. This chapter investigates land use and land cover (LULC) changes in selected areas of the northern Qinling Mountains from 2000 to 2020 and projects future trends up to 2040. Using remote sensing data and the GeoSOS-FLUS model, the study analyzes spatial distribution characteristics, structural changes, and transfer processes of six land use types: farmland, forest, grassland, urban and rural residential land, water, and wasteland. Results indicate that farmland remains the dominant land use type, though its area has decreased by 4% over two decades. Urban and rural residential land and water areas have expanded significantly, driven by economic development and environmental policies. The FLUS model predicts continued declines in farmland by 2040, with further growth in residential and water areas. These findings provide valuable insights for regional land use planning, ecological conservation, and sustainable development in the northern Qinling Mountains.