This chapter summarized the main findings from this book, and proposed some potential research perspectives and possible research topics that may foster the protection and management of water resources in the North Qinling Mountains. This concluding chapter synthesizes the key findings from the book, which have systematically investigated the hydrology, water quality, ecological sustainability, and human impacts on the water resources of the northern Qinling Mountains. The synthesis highlights the critical role of this region as China’s “central water tower” and the pressing challenges it faces from climate change and anthropogenic pressure. Building upon these conclusions, this chapter outlines a forward-looking research agenda aimed at addressing persistent knowledge gaps. This agenda is explicitly aligned with global priorities, including the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and emphasizes the transformative potential of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and the inclusive framework of citizen science. The perspectives offered here are intended to guide future interdisciplinary research and evidence-based policy for the sustainable management of water resources in this vital region.